Tour-based Travel Mode Choice Estimation based on Data Mining and Fuzzy Techniques

This paper extends tour-based mode choice model, which mainly includes individual trip level interactions, to include linked travel modes of consecutive trips of an individual. Travel modes of consecutive trip made by an individual in a household have strong dependency or co-relation because individuals try to maintain their travel modes or use a few combinations of modes for current and subsequent trips. Traditionally, tour based mode choice models involved nested logit models derived from expert knowledge. There are limitations associated with this approach. Logit models assumes i) specific model structure (linear utility model) in advance; and, ii) it holds across an entire historical observations. These assumptions about the predefined model may be representative of reality, however these rules or heuristics for tour based mode choice should ideally be derived from the survey data rather than based on expert knowledge/ judgment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel data-driven methodology to address the issues identified in tour based mode choice. The proposed methodology is tested using the Household Travel Survey (HTS) data of Sydney metropolitan area and its performances are compared with the state-of-the-art approaches in this area

Towards improving positioning accuracy of conducting polymer actuators

Recently, there have been significant developments in conducting polymers, particularly in their synthesis and use as electromechanical actuators. This is mainly due to their many promising features including biocompatibility, high force to weight ratio, suitability to open loop control. On the other hand, they suffer from nonlinear problems such as hysteresis and creep. With this in mind, it is the aim of this study to evaluate the existence level of these nonlinearities and their mathematical modeling in order to improve the positioning accuracy of conducting polymer actuators. The polymer actuator considered in this study which has a symmetrical structure can operate in both liquid and non-liquid media as opposed to its predecessor. The actuator drives a rigid link, like positioning a payload. The experimental results demonstrate that while the hysteresis is negligibly small, the level of the creep is significant enough to model it and subsequently employ the model to improve steady-state positioning of the actuator. Based on experimental results, a viscoelastic model is employed to describe the creep behaviour. The outcomes of this study will pave the way towards understanding of the limitations as well as potential usefulness of conducting polymer actuators in many cutting edge applications ranging from biomedical to micro/nano manipulation systems

The impact of cash flows and accruals on belief asymmetry

We examine the market-relevance of disaggregating earnings into cash flow and accrual components. Unlike the majority of capital markets accounting research to-date, which has restricted analysis to price effects (returns), we focus on belief asymmetry as our measure of market-relevance. Specifically we examine the effect, which the earnings component disclosure has on the level of belief asymmetry in the market. Our measure of belief asymmetry is based on the model developed by Kim and Verrecchia (1991). Cross-sectional ordinary least square regression models are used to analyse the market response to measures of cash flow and accrual surprise

Effects of lattice distortion and Jahn–Teller coupling on the magnetoresistance of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.5Ca0.5CoO3 epitaxial films

Studies of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 epitaxial films on substrates with a range of lattice constants reveal two dominant contributions to the occurrence of colossal negative magnetoresistance (CMR) in these manganites: at high temperatures (T → TC, TC being the Curie temperature), the magnetotransport properties are predominantly determined by the conduction of lattice polarons, while at low temperatures (T ≪ TC/, the residual negative magnetoresistance is correlated with the substrate-induced lattice distortion which incurs excess magnetic domain wall scattering. The importance of lattice polaron conduction associated with the presence of Jahn–Teller coupling in the manganites is further verified by comparing the manganites with epitaxial films of another ferromagnetic perovskite, La0.5Ca0.5CoO3. Regardless of the differences in the substrate-induced lattice distortion, the cobaltite films exhibit much smaller negative magnetoresistance, which may be attributed to the absence of Jahn–Teller coupling and the high electron mobility that prevents the formation of lattice polarons. We therefore suggest that lattice polaron conduction associated with the Jahn–Teller coupling is essential for the occurrence of CMR, and that lattice distortion further enhances the CMR effects in the manganites

Effect of the green-emitting CaF2:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphor particles’ size on color rendering index and color quality scale of the in-cup packaging multichip white LEDs

In this paper, we investigate the effect of the green-emitting CaF2:Ce (3+), Tb (3+) phosphor particle's size on the color rendering index (CRI) and the color quality scale (CQS) of the in-cup packaging multichip white LEDs (MCW-LEDs). For this purpose, 7000K and 8500K in-cup packaging MCW-LEDs is simulated by the commercial software Light Tools. Moreover, scattering process in the phosphor layers is investigated by using Mie Theory with Mat Lab software. Finally, the research results show that the green-emitting CaF2: Ce (3+), Tb (3+) phosphor's size crucially influences on the CRI and CQS. From that point of view, CaF2: Ce (3+), Tb (3+) can be proposed as a potential practical direction for manufacturing the in-cup packaging phosphor WLEDs.Web of Science13235134